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Traditional and Electronic Cigarette Usage Patterns, Dependence, and Perceptions Among Ajman University Students Nicotine induced conditioned place preferences in humans ScienceDirect Development and initial validation of a new self report measure to assess perceived dependence on tobacco and nicotine products Scientific Reports Penn State study: Vapers report less dependence, addiction than cigarette smokers WHYY The Roswell eND scale: Brief, valid assessment of nicotine dependence adults seeking to discontinue e cigarette use ScienceDirect
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